[137], Rio de Janeiro has inherited a strong cultural role from the past. Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro. "the weather is getting cold"), usually refers to temperatures going below 21 °C (70 °F), which is possible year-round and is commonplace in mid-to-late autumn, winter and early spring nights. A war was waged to expel the French from the land and to claim the property as theirs, in accordance with the Treaty of Tordesillas. The first line runs from General Osório in Ipanema to Uruguai Station in Tijuca. Comprendre []. [148], "Rio was popularised by the hit song "The Girl from Ipanema", composed by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes and recorded by Astrud Gilberto and João Gilberto, Frank Sinatra, and Ella Fitzgerald. [107] It concentrates 68% of the state's economic strength and 7.9% of all goods and services produced in the country. [19] In order to separate the province from the capital of the Empire, the city was converted, in the year of 1834, in Neutral Municipality, passing the province of Rio de Janeiro to have Niterói as capital.[19]. The influence of the African-Brazilian drums and music became more noticeable from the first half of the 20th century. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)", "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", "Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto", "The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005", "Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil", "BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games", "Chegada da família real portuguesa muda a arquitetura do Rio", "Apresentação da Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil", "199 anos do primeiro jornal impresso no Brasil", "Tour Rio De Janeiro's Oldest Slave Port With This New App", "Who is the true father of football in Brazil? La majeure partie de la population se concentre au sud-est du pays, dans les régions urbaines de Rio de Janeiro et São Paulo. The Portuguese make up the main population of this bustling city, with more people of Portuguese descent than Brazil’s capital, Lisbon. Languages. Recent decades have seen a sharp transformation in its economic profile, which is becoming more and more one of a major national hub of services and businesses. The building was designed by the French architect Christian de Portzamparc and construction was funded by the city of Rio de Janeiro. 189,310. Brazil ended up losing 2–1 in front of a home crowd of more than 199,000. It offers views of the city second only to Corcovado mountain. People can also buy tickets for the Metro at buses that make connect places far from the Metro. 8 546 671 EUR. Density (people per unit of area) 2%. The tradition of Carnaval parades was probably influenced by the French or German courts and the custom was brought by the Portuguese or Brazilian Imperial families who had Bourbon and Austrian ancestors. The samba (from Bahia with Angolan influence) and the famous local version of the carnival (from Europe) first appeared under the influence of the black community in the city. After the 1964 coup d'état that installed a military dictatorship, the city-state was the only state left in Brazil to oppose the military. Unfortunately, many lower class citizens within the community were ousted from their homes in order to make room for the royalty’s entourage. Common spoken languages. [44][45][46], Drought is very rare, albeit bound to happen occasionally given the city's strongly seasonal tropical climate. six kilometres (3.7 miles) of cycle paths traverse the Tijuca National Park. The city is home to more civilians than its neighboring suburban communities and continues its growth even today. The headquarters of the Brazilian Academy of Letters is based in Rio de Janeiro. Despite the transfer of the capital to Brasília in 1960, many of these headquarters remained within the Rio metropolitan area. The city hosted the World Youth Day in 2013, the second World Youth Day in South America and first in Brazil. The literacy rate for cariocas aged 10 and older is nearly 95 percent, well above the national average. The first printed newspaper in Brazil, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, came into circulation during this period. The city was chosen as headquarters for state-owned companies such as Petrobras, Eletrobras, Caixa Econômica Federal, National Economic and Social Development Bank and Vale (which was privatized in the 1990s). In 1992, Rio hosted the Earth Summit, a United Nations conference to fight environmental degradation. On 6 February 1889 the Bangu Textile Factory was founded, with the name of Industrial Progress Company of Brazil (Companhia Progresso Industrial do Brasil). [56] The average yearly precipitation is 1,069 mm (42.1 in). Brazilians with at least one Portuguese parent, Portuguese immigrants and their descendants, Rio de Janeiro appears in the driving game, Rio de Janeiro was featured in the racing game, Rio de Janeiro appears as a playable map in, This page was last edited on 1 December 2020, at 07:34. 0. The city proper has a population density of 5,377 people per square kilometer, or 13,930 per square mile. The old farms became worker villages with red bricks houses, and a neo-gothic church was created, which still exists as the Saint Sebastian and Saint Cecilia Parish Church. Pereira Passos, who was named mayor in 1902, imposed reforms to modernize the city, demolishing the cortiços where most of the poor population lived. 8 ch . One of the most popular sea sports in the city is yachting. The most geographically close sister city to Rio that is on the other side of Guanabara Bay is Niterói. In addition to the beaches, some of the most famous landmarks include the giant statue of Christ the Redeemer atop Corcovado mountain, named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World; Sugarloaf Mountain with its cable car; the Sambódromo (Sambadrome), a permanent grandstand-lined parade avenue which is used during Carnival; and Maracanã Stadium, one of the world's largest football stadiums. The city has six major universities and 47 private schools of higher learning. [12] Allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same [64] The lowest temperature ever registered in the 21st century was 8.1 °C (46.6 °F) in Vila Militar, July 2011.[66]. [180] The system may be relatively safe by day but less so at night. Portuguese. [19] At that time the number of slaves was drastically reduced and the city was developed, with modern drains, animal trams, train stations crossing the city, gas and electric lighting, telephone and telegraph wiring, water and river plumbing. 51. In the sports field, Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2007 Pan American Games and the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final. The Ministry of Education has certified approximately 99 upper-learning institutions in Rio. [27] Botafogo's natural environment, combined with the fame of the Copacabana Palace Hotel, the luxury hotel of the Americas in the 1930s, helped Rio to gain the reputation it still holds today as a beach party town. The South Zone of Rio de Janeiro (Zona Sul) is composed of several districts, among which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador, Copacabana, and Leme, which compose Rio's famous Atlantic beach coastline. Sa composition sociale constitue, en effet, une synthèse du pays. Nowadays, the palace hosts the National Museum, specialising in Natural History, Archaeology, and Ethnology. The most famous, Rio's granite mountain, the Sugar Loaf (Pão de Açúcar), is an example, with routes from the easy third grade (American 5.4, French 3) to the extremely difficult ninth grade (5.13/8b), up to 280 metres (919 feet). [113], To attract industry, the state government has designated certain areas on the outskirts of the city as industrial districts where infrastructure is provided and land sales are made under special conditions. Taking into consideration the network of influence exerted by the urban metropolis (which covers 11.3% of the population), this share in GDP rises to 14.4%, according to a study released in October 2008 by the IBGE. Brazil was expected to enter the twenty-first century with an illiteracy rate of 16 percent despite massive efforts to educate the population. [129], The most prestigious university is the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. While the city had in past had a thriving tourism sector, the industry entered a decline in the last quarter of the 20th century. [53] The average annual minimum temperature is 21 °C (70 °F),[54] the average annual maximum temperature is 27 °C (81 °F),[55] and the average annual temperature is 24 °C (75 °F). There was a large influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro: in 1819, there were 145,000 slaves in the captaincy. Another sport that is highly popular in beaches of Rio is called "Frescobol" (pronounced [fɾe̞ɕko̞ˈbɔw]), a type of beach tennis. Rental Cars See rental cars from $14/day. The South Zone (Zona Sul) of the city, reaching the beaches fringing the open sea, is cut off from the centre and from the North Zone by coastal mountains. West Zone (Zona Oeste) of Rio de Janeiro is a vaguely defined area that covers some 50% of the city's entire area, including Barra da Tijuca and Recreio dos Bandeirantes neighborhoods. [147], The official song of Rio de Janeiro is "Cidade Maravilhosa", which means "marvelous city". The metro area population of Rio de Janeiro in 2019 was 13,374,000, a 0.61% increase from 2018. [25] Passos also named Dr. Oswaldo Cruz as Director General of Public Health. 611 reviews #84 of 928 Tours in Rio de Janeiro. According to national census data, from 1980 to 1990, the overall growth rate of Rio de Janeiro dropped by 8 percent, but the favela population increased by 41 percent. Rio De Janeiro. The city has 160 km (99 mi) of cycle paths that, wherever they exist, are very much preferable to riding in the city's traffic. Many people who live in Niterói, as well its neighbouring municipalities São Gonçalo and Maricá, commute to Rio de Janeiro to study and work. Rio de Janeiro is the second most populous city in Brazil, known for the beautiful scenery samba rhythms and Carnival. On the top of its summit is a huge rock formation (some, such as Erich von Däniken in his 1973 book, In Search of Ancient Gods, claim it to be a sculpture) resembling a sphinx-like, bearded head that is visible for many kilometres around. The History of Rio de Janeiro Founded by the Portuguese in 1565 at the entrance of Guanabara Bay, between the Sugarloaf and Cara de Cão Mountains, the city of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro was moved two years later to the square bor-dered by Castelo, Santo António, São Bento and Conceição hills. The Olympic Games were held from 5 to 21 August 2016. Some of the main neighbourhoods of Rio's North Zone are Alto da Boa Vista which shares the Tijuca Rainforest with the South and Southwest Zones; Tijuca, Vila Isabel, Méier, São Cristovão, Madureira, Penha, Manguinhos, Fundão, Olaria among others. Later, the Jacarepaguá circuit in Rio de Janeiro was the site for the Formula One Brazilian Grand Prix from 1978 to 1989. It is located on the Atlantic coast in the south east of the country. Rio de Janeiro is a city of 6.7 million people, of which nearly one-quarter of the city’s population live in the favelas (the slums), with a reported average annual income equivalent to … People with African roots are often referred to as Afro-Brazilians among the scholarly community specializing in anthropology outside of Brazil. Estimated projections for 2025 show the population will grow to at least 13.1 million people. [19], From the colonial period until the first independent era, Rio de Janeiro was a city of slaves. In 2016, for the Olympic Games, the light rail system was inaugurated, with 28 km, 42 stations, distributed in 3 lines. Although cheap and frequent, Rio's transportation policy has been moving towards trains and subway in order to reduce surface congestion and increase carrier capacity. São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil, has more favelas (1,020) in sheer numbers, but proportionally has fewer people living in favelas than Rio. The sea at these beaches is rough and dangerous, and the best surfers from Brazil and other sites of the world come to these beaches to prove themselves.[164]. Rio de Janeiro is Brazil’s second largest city, with a population of almost 6.3 million. The city has parks and ecological reserves such as the Tijuca National Park, the world's first urban forest and UNESCO Environmental Heritage and Biosphere Reserve; Pedra Branca State Park, which houses the highest point of Rio de Janeiro, the peak of Pedra Branca; the Quinta da Boa Vista complex; the Botanical Garden;[35] Rio's Zoo; Parque Lage; and the Passeio Público, the first public park in the Americas. Rio de Janeiro is also paradise for rock climbers, with hundreds of routes all over the city, ranging from easy boulders to highly technical big wall climbs, all inside the city. These people, mostly descendants of slaves, then moved to live in the city's hills, creating the first favelas. Beautiful APARTMENT for rent with Beach View on the best beach of RIO de JANEIRO - Barra da Tijuca Beach. Rio de Janeiro was the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics, making the city the first South American and Portuguese-speaking city to ever host the events, and the third time the Olympics were held in a Southern Hemisphere city. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rio's streetcar transit system after 1905. In inland areas of the city, temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F) are common during the summer, though rarely for long periods, while maximum temperatures above 27 °C (81 °F) can occur on a monthly basis. 32. 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